On Peelers

A particularly apt post today, given my current detective theme!

I have recently made progress on the Rayner branch of my tree, by identifying the probable parents of William George Rayner.

William George consistently claims that he was born in 1844 in Chelsea. On investigation, there seems to be only one likely birth, with a corresponding baptism record giving his parents names as Henry and Mary Ann Rayner. Two siblings, Mary Ann and Rachel, were baptised at the same time. I then managed to track down the family on the 1841 and 1851 censuses hiding under the variations Reynard and Reynar, which allowed me to identify more siblings. This discovery also led me to a second marriage for William George, in 1898, and finally to a probate record for Henry in 1878.

Henry Rayner was born in 1808. He and his wife both came from Ireland, and gave birth to their eldest daughter Eliza there in about 1831. Frustratingly, no town or area is given... thankfully, however, they were giving birth to children right into the mid 1840s, so one of their birth certificates will hopefully furnish me with Mary Ann’s maiden name at least, and we can assume that they married in Ireland in the period 1825–31, so there’s hope yet!

Their next child was born by 1833 in Middlesex (in the mysterious 'Ratchell' - any ideas welcome!), which allows us to pinpoint their arrival in England to the period 1831–33. After this point all of their children are born in Chelsea, and we know from the censuses that they lived at 27 Paradise Row, which I have discovered is now Royal Hospital Road, from at least 1841 until 1851.

The most interesting, and useful, thing I know about Henry, however, is that he was a policeman from at least 1841. As well as being a relatively unusual occupation and therefore helpful for spotting him in the records, it also seems likely that I might actually be able to find out more detail about his life based on this, as the Metropolitan Police do have an archive.

Henry’s probate record states that he is a police pensioner, suggesting that he stayed with the force for all of his working life. I discovered that the National Archives hold records of met police pensions, and a after a few search attempts I discovered a record for ‘William Reynar’ from the period 1853–1855, which has been added to my list of things to order.

The Met’s website tells me:

Records of Metropolitan Police pensioners who retired or resigned between 1852 and 1932 and who were granted or (after 1890) qualified for a police pension are to be found in class MEPO 21. These contain detailed personal records, including physical description, date and place of birth, marital status, dates of service. Before 1923, names of parents and next of kin are also given. To use this class it is necessary to know the approximate date of retirement.

I’m particularly looking forward to the ‘physical description’, and also names of parents and next of kin will be extremely helpful!

Henry must have joined the force within ten years or so of its inception, in 1829. Wikipedia provides some detailed information on the history of the force, including listing the divisions. I can conjecture that Henry was most likely in division B – Chelsea.

I particularly like this snippet:

The original standard wage for a Constable was one guinea (£1.05) a week. Recruitment criteria required applicants to be under the age of 35, in good health, and to be at least 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m). Working shifts lasted 12 hours, 6 days a week, with Sunday as a rest day. Until 1897, Metropolitan Police officers did not receive a boot allowance.

It also gives this 1850s picture of a ‘Peeler’ – who knows, it might even be Henry Rayner himself!

L x

I is for Irish

As I don’t currently have any names beginning with I in my tree, I had to come up with another topic begging with I for today’s blog.

I chose ‘Irish’ simply because it is a part of my heritage that I don’t know a lot about. There are two Irish lines in my tree so far: the Geoghegan line, which I discussed in G is for Geoghegan, and the Thompson line via my dad’s paternal grandmother, Margaret Thompson. However, Irish genealogy isn’t something I have done much of, so it will be a new challenge for me.  Here I’m going to investigate what I already know about my Irish ancestors, and where I think I can find out more. As I am very new to this, I’d love to get some feedback or suggestions from those of you with a bit more experience in this particular area.

Geoghegan, obviously, is an Irish name. However, my first ‘Irish’ Geoghegan – by which I mean born in Ireland – is James Geoghegan. Even this is somewhat uncertain. The 1841 census states that he was born in Ireland. The 1851 census states that he was born in Dublin, Ireland. However, the 1861 census simply says ‘CY Lancashi’, which I interpret to mean county of Lancashire. I suspect that the earlier censuses are more accurate, but whether Dublin is correct or just an approximation is uncertain.

In any case, James was born in about 1791. His wife Mary is English (I haven’t yet identified her maiden name, but the 1851 census gives her birth place as Manchester, also around 1791). All of James’ known children seem to have been born in England also, suggesting that James moved to England before his marriage, which probably took place around 1810–1815.

This, of course, means that James didn’t move to England following the Irish famine of the 1840s like many other immigrants. Research seems to suggest that immigration from Ireland, caused by poverty and unemployment, was quite common in the early part of the twentieth century, albeit on a smaller scale. There were known crop failures in 1800 and 1807, which could, of course, have been contributing factors in my Geoghegans' departure from Ireland.

Finding out more about James Geoghegan’s early life with so little to go on is likely to prove quite tricky. Ideally I need to find the parish marriage record for James and Mary Ann to see what else I can glean from this. Hopefully it will give me his father’s name and possibly occupation, which will then equip me to tackle the Irish records. I haven’t had any luck finding this online yet, and with Mary Ann’s birthplace simply given as Manchester, narrowing down where to look (marriages usually taking place in the bride’s home parish) might be tricky. This is going to be a test of patience!

Another possible strategy might be to see if there are other Geoghegan families living close to James on the censuses. If he did emigrate with other family members, chances are they would have settled quite close to one another, so it might give me some clues. If I can identify potential siblings and further records for them, for example, it might give me a bit more info to go on...

My Thompsons are a completely different kettle of fish.  Margaret Thompson’s father Albert Thomas Thompson was born in Lisburn, Antrim, on 11 September 1870, according to a record in the collection Ireland Births and Baptisms 1620–1911 on Ancestry.

However, this isn’t a case of straightforward birth and later emigration either. Albert’s mother, Sarah Ann Semley, was born in Sandal near Wakefield, Yorkshire, England, and was living in the Yorkshire area until 1861. In 1867 she married James Thompson in Manchester. Later census records reveal that James was born in Antrim in about 1843 – immediately prior to the start of the Great Famine. However, I haven’t been able to find any trace of James in England prior to his marriage to Sarah Ann, so I don’t think he left Ireland with his family. It seems most likely to me that he came to England as a young man for work. Sarah Ann’s family remain in Yorkshire consistently on the censuses, so my guess is that Sarah Ann went away from home to work, possibly in domestic service, and met and married James, who was perhaps also working in the area?

The couple’s eldest son, John Robert Thompson was born in Salford ‘abt 1869’ according to most censuses. But presumably he was in fact born in 1868, as Walter Thompson was born in Antrim on 20 March 1869. So, the couple married and were living in Lancashire, but went to Ireland sometime in late 1868 or early 1869. Of the children born after Albert, Wilfred Thompson (b. 1876) and Edmund Thompson (b. abt 1879) were both also born in Antrim. Only James H. Thomspon (b. 1885) was born in England, thus it seems likely that the family remained in Ireland until shortly before the 1881 census, when they are once again living in England, in Worsborough, close to Sarah Ann’s family.

The Thompson men seem to have been almost exclusively employed as ‘stonemasons’ or sometimes ‘monumental masons’ – that is to say stonemasons working mainly on headstones and other monuments.

I have been unable to find a parish birth record for James – sadly the Irish civil birth records don’t start until the 1860s. My best bet to get more info on James Thompson’s Irish background then is probably the 1867 marriage certificate initially. Hopefully this will give me his father’s name and occupation to work from.  

L x

p.s. There is a particularly informative post on researching Irish ancestors on Niall McMahon’s blog.